Effect of listening to music on anxiety, pain, and cardiorespiratory parameters in cardiac surgery: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain are frequent in cardiac surgeries and constitute important stressors for patients, which can cause several complications. One strategy that aims to alleviate these phenomena is listening to music as a non-pharmacological intervention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of listening to music on preoperative state-anxiety, postoperative pain, at rest and when instructed to cough, and cardiorespiratory parameters in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: A randomized, parallel, simple masking clinical trial will be conducted with patients 18 years of age or older who have undergone elective cardiac surgery by sternotomy, who agree to participate in the research and sign a free and informed consent form. Study participants will be randomly divided, in a 1:1 ratio, to one of the two groups: experimental (subjected to listening to music for 20 min in the pre- and postoperative period) or control (standard care in the pre- and postoperative period), using a randomization scheme generated by the Randomization.com website. The sample size calculation was obtained after conducting a pilot study. DISCUSSION: The results of the study may contribute to the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions in health services, highlighting the protocols for listening to music, to minimize anxiety and pain in cardiac surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ReBEC RBR-8mdyhd . Posted on December 10, 2019.

Parental burnout: a scoping review / Parental burnout: revisión del alcance / Burnout parental: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: to map available evidence on parental burnout theme. Method: scoping review as according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search in January 2021, in six databases of publications in English, Portuguese or Spanish, without time limits. Data extracted and descriptively analyzed by three independent researchers. Results: 374 articles were identified and 20 were included in the final sample, all published in English, from 2017 onwards. Parental burnout is a complex, multifactorial problem, distinct from burnout cases, depressive symptoms and other mental health alterations. It affects 0.2 to 20% of parents, has validated and suitable instruments for measurement; if not treated, can have consequences on marital life, work relationships, child neglect and violence. Conclusions: this is a recent theme that needs to be explored, due to the possible impact on children's and families' health and on parents' work processes. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear la evidencia disponible sobre el tema del agotamiento de los padres. Método: revisión del alcance, según el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Búsqueda en enero de 2021, en seis bases de datos de publicaciones en inglés, portugués o español, sin límite de tiempo. Datos extraídos y analizados descriptivamente por tres investigadores independientes. Resultados: se capturaron 374 artículos y se incluyeron 20 en la muestra final, todos publicados en inglés, a partir de 2017. El burnout parental es un problema complejo y multifactorial, distinto de los casos de burnout, síntomas depresivos y otras alteraciones de la salud mental. Afecta entre el 0,2 y el 20% de los padres, cuenta con instrumentos de medición validados y adecuados y, si no se trata, puede tener consecuencias en la vida conyugal, las relaciones laborales, el abandono y la violencia contra el niño. Conclusiones: este es un tema reciente que necesita ser explorado, por el posible impacto en la salud de los niños y las familias y en los procesos laborales de los padres. Protocolo registrado en el Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear evidências disponíveis sobre a temática burnout parental Método: revisão de escopo, conforme o Joanna Briggs Institute. Busca em janeiro de 2021, em seis bases de dados de publicações em inglês, português ou espanhol, sem delimitação de tempo. Dados extraídos e analisados descritivamente por três pesquisadores independentes. Resultados: capturados 374 artigos e incluídos 20 na amostra final, todos publicados em inglês, a partir de 2017. Burnout parental consiste em problema complexo, multifatorial, distinto dos casos de burnout, sintomas depressivos e outras alterações de saúde mental. Acomete 0,2 a 20% dos pais, possui instrumentos validados e adequados para mensuração e, se não tratado, pode acarretar consequências na vida conjugal, relações de trabalho, negligência e violência contra a criança. Conclusões: trata-se de temática recente que necessita ser explorada, pelo possível impacto na saúde de crianças e famílias e nos processos de trabalho dos pais. Protocolo registrado no Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

Parental burnout: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: to map available evidence on parental burnout theme. METHOD: scoping review as according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search in January 2021, in six databases of publications in English, Portuguese or Spanish, without time limits. Data extracted and descriptively analyzed by three independent researchers. RESULTS: 374 articles were identified and 20 were included in the final sample, all published in English, from 2017 onwards. Parental burnout is a complex, multifactorial problem, distinct from burnout cases, depressive symptoms and other mental health alterations. It affects 0.2 to 20% of parents, has validated and suitable instruments for measurement; if not treated, can have consequences on marital life, work relationships, child neglect and violence. CONCLUSIONS: this is a recent theme that needs to be explored, due to the possible impact on children's and families' health and on parents' work processes. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

Cultural adaptation and validation of an instrument about nursing critical thinking skills.

OBJECTIVES: to validate the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire regarding cultural aspects and metric properties. METHODS: a methodological research carried out through cross-cultural adaptation, face and content validity, dimensional construct and known groups validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency. 511 nurses from four hospitals participated in the study, of which 54 participated in retest. RESULTS: the instrument validation for Brazilian Portuguese maintained equivalences, according to the original version. The dimensional validity demonstrated adjustment to the tetrafactorial structure of the original version (GFI=0.69). There were statistically significant differences in critical thinking skills between nurses with graduate degrees and who undertook training, reading articles, developing research and working in an institution with a longer time implementation of the Nursing Process. The instrument showed temporal stability (ICC 073-0.84; p<0.001) and adequate internal consistency (α=0.97). CONCLUSIONS: the instrument proved to be valid and reliable for the studied population.

Associations between surgical wound infectious and clinical profile in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: Infections are surgical severe adverse events that pose risks to patient safety in health services, in addition to increasing costs and morbidity and mortality. AIM: This study aims to describe the infectious profile of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and associate comorbidities and lifestyle habits with surgical wound infection. DESIGN: Observational and retrospective study. METHODS: The study included 453 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in a public teaching hospital from January 2014 to January 2019. Data were collected from the clinical records through an instrument composed of variables clinical characteristics, comorbidities, life habits, infection rates, infectious agents, clinical management and surgical wound features. Simple frequency, measures of central tendency and variability, Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was a predominance of hypertensive patients (367; 81%), smokers (107; 23.6%), alcoholics (76; 16.8%). Surgical wound infection affected 86 (19%) patients. Besides, most patients were under antibiotic therapy (310; 68.4%). Klebsiella pneumoniae; Staphylococcus epidermides and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent pathogens. Diabetes Mellitus, nephropathy and age were statistically significant (P<0.05) for higher risk of surgical wound infection. CONCLUSION: Chronic diseases and lifestyle habits were related to postoperative infection. More research is needed, focusing on risk factors for the development of surgical wound infection.

Effectiveness of the serious game for learning in nursing: systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effectiveness of the serious game in improving learning outcomes compared to the different teaching strategies used in the education of nursing students. METHOD: Systematic review, conducted from July 2019 to May 2020, at PubMed®, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and LILACS. Studies of experimental and quasi-experimental design were included, with no delimitation of time frame, aimed at nursing students, who approached the use of the serious game as the main teaching strategy compared with other pedagogical methods. RESULTS: Six articles were included, which compared the serious game with traditional and active teaching and learning strategies (expository class, text reading and simulation). The studies were considered of moderate quality, with an average score of 12.83. Nursing students submitted to the serious game showed better learning results. CONCLUSION: The serious game proved to be more effective for learning in nursing when compared to other teaching strategies.

Barriers to research utilization influencing patient safety climate: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the influence of barriers to the use of research results in the practice of nurses on patient safety perception. BACKGROUND: The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: The sample consisted of 207 nurses from three public university hospitals in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 2017 to November 2018. They answered a questionnaire with professional characteristics, The Barriers Scale and Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Student's t test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The findings showed most nurses had unfavourable competencies for implementing research results in practice. As barrier scores for the use of research results in practice increase, safety climate scores decrease. Taking a training course on the use of research results in clinical practice and organization characteristics, limitations of the setting were statistically significant, constituting factors that influence the perception of the safety climate. CONCLUSION: Investments in education are needed for health professionals to be aware of evidence-based practice and how to use evidence to impact decision-making outcomes, strengthening safety outcomes in health services.

Cultural adaptation and validation of an instrument about nursing critical thinking skills / Adaptación cultural y validación de un instrumento sobre habilidades de pensamiento crítico en enfermería / Adaptação cultural e validação de instrumento sobre habilidades de pensamento crítico em enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire regarding cultural aspects and metric properties. Methods: a methodological research carried out through cross-cultural adaptation, face and content validity, dimensional construct and known groups validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency. 511 nurses from four hospitals participated in the study, of which 54 participated in retest. Results: the instrument validation for Brazilian Portuguese maintained equivalences, according to the original version. The dimensional validity demonstrated adjustment to the tetrafactorial structure of the original version (GFI=0.69). There were statistically significant differences in critical thinking skills between nurses with graduate degrees and who undertook training, reading articles, developing research and working in an institution with a longer time implementation of the Nursing Process. The instrument showed temporal stability (ICC 073-0.84; p<0.001) and adequate internal consistency (α=0.97). Conclusions: the instrument proved to be valid and reliable for the studied population.

RESUMEN Objetivos: realizar la validación del Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire sobre aspectos culturales y propiedades métricas. Métodos: investigación metodológica realizada a través de adaptación transcultural, validez de rostro y contenido, validez de constructo dimensional y grupos conocidos, confiabilidad test-retest y consistencia interna. En el estudio participaron 511 enfermeras de cuatro hospitales, de las cuales 54 participaron en la nueva prueba. Resultados: la validación del instrumento para portugués brasileño mantuvo las equivalencias, según la versión original. La validez dimensional demostró ajuste a la estructura tetrafactorial de la versión original (GFI=0,69). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las habilidades de pensamiento crítico entre enfermeros con posgrados, que completaron su formación, leyendo artículos, desarrollando investigaciones y trabajando en una institución con un tiempo de implementación más largo del Proceso de Enfermería. El instrumento mostró estabilidad temporal (ICC=073-0,84; p<0,001) y adecuada consistencia interna (α=0,97). Conclusiones: el instrumento resultó válido y confiable para la población estudiada.

RESUMO Objetivos: realizar a validação do instrumento Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire quanto a aspectos culturais e propriedades métricas. Métodos: pesquisa metodológica, realizada por meio de adaptação transcultural, validade de face e conteúdo, validade de construto dimensional e de grupos conhecidos, confiabilidade teste-reteste e consistência interna. Participaram do estudo 511 enfermeiros de quatro hospitais, dos quais 54 participaram do reteste. Resultados: a validação do instrumento para o português brasileiro manteve as equivalências, conforme versão original. A validade dimensional demonstrou ajuste à estrutura tetrafatorial da versão original (GFI=0,69). Observaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas de habilidades do pensamento crítico entre enfermeiros com pós-graduação e que realizaram capacitações, com leitura de artigos, desenvolvimento de pesquisas e atuação em instituição com maior tempo de implantação do Processo de Enfermagem. Instrumento apresentou estabilidade temporal (CCI=073-0,84; p<0,001) e adequada consistência interna (α=0,97). Conclusões: instrumento se mostrou válido e confiável para população estudada.

Lesão por pressão decorrente do posicionamento cirúrgico e fatores associados / Úlcera por presión resultante de posicionamiento quirúrgico y factores asociados / Pressure injury related to surgical positioning and associated factors

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de lesão por pressão decorrente do posicionamento cirúrgico e os fatores associados. Método: Estudo observacional, longitudinal, realizado com 239 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica e Escala de Avaliação de Risco para o Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico. Para a análise dos dados empregou-se estatística descritiva e regressão logística binominal múltipla e o nível de significância considerado foi α = 0,05. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino, branco e adultos. A ocorrência de lesão por pressão decorrente do posicionamento cirúrgico foi de 37,7%, sendo que 81 (90,0%) pacientes apresentaram lesão por pressão estágio 1 e os locais mais frequentes de ocorrência deste tipo de lesão foram a região sacral (19; 13,9%) e calcâneos direito (16; 11,7%) e esquerdo (13; 9,5%). A idade (adulto) e o risco maior conforme escore da Escala de Avaliação de Risco para o Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico foram preditores para a ocorrência de lesão por pressão. Conclusão: A elevada ocorrência e os fatores associados (idade e risco maior na escala aplicada) para lesão por pressão decorrente do posicionamento cirúrgico foram resultados evidenciados que podem auxiliar na compreensão da problemática no cenário nacional, e para a implementação de intervenções com o propósito de reduzir o risco do paciente de ser acometido por este tipo de lesão no perioperatório.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de úlcera por presión resultante del posicionamiento quirúrgico y los factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal, realizado con 239 pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica y la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo para la Aparición de Úlceras Resultantes del Posicionamiento Quirúrgico. Para el análisis de datos se usó estadística descriptiva y regresión logística binominal múltiple y el nivel de significación considerado fue α = 0,05. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes era de sexo masculino, blanco y adulto. La incidencia de úlcera por presión resultante del posicionamiento quirúrgico fue del 37,7 %, en el que 81 (90,0 %) pacientes presentaron úlcera por presión de estado 1 y los lugares más frecuentes de incidencia de este tipo de lesión fueron la región sacra (19; 13,9 %) y calcáneo derecho (16; 11,7 %) e izquierdo (13; 9,5 %). La edad (adulto) y el riesgo mayor, según la puntuación de la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo para la Aparición de Úlceras Resultantes del Posicionamiento Quirúrgico, fueron predictores de los casos de úlcera por presión. Conclusión: La elevada incidencia y los factores asociados (edad y riesgo mayor en la escala aplicada) de úlceras por presión resultantes del posicionamiento quirúrgico fueron resultados evidenciados que pueden ayudar a comprender la problemática en el escenario nacional y a implementar intervenciones con el objetivo de reducir el riesgo de que el paciente presente este tipo de úlcera en el perioperatorio.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the occurrence of pressure injury resulting from surgical positioning and the associated factors. Method: An observational and longitudinal study, involving 239 patients undergoing elective surgery. Data collection was performed using an instrument for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and a risk assessment scale for the development of injuries due to surgical positioning. Descriptive statistics and multiple binominal logistic regression were used for data analysis, and the level of significance considered was α = 0.05. Results: Most of the patients were adult male Caucasians. The occurrence of pressure injury resulting from surgical positioning was 37.7%, and 81 (90.0%) patients developed stage 1 pressure injury, and the most frequent sites were sacral (19; 13.9%), and right (16; 11.7%) and left (13; 9.5%) calcaneus regions. Age (adult) and those identified at higher risk according to the Risk Assessment Scale for the Development of Injuries due to Surgical Positioning (ELPO) were predictors for occurrence of pressure injury. Conclusion: The high incidence and associated factors (age and higher risk on the administered scale) for pressure injuries resulting from surgical positioning provide results to help understand the problem within the national scenario, and to implement interventions to reduce the patient's risk of being affected by this type of injury in the perioperative period.

Factors associated with skin and mucosal lesions caused by medical devices in newborns: Observational study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To identify the occurrence of skin and mucosal lesions and factors related to the use of medical devices in newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. BACKGROUND: The use of medical devices increases the risk of injury in newborns due to the immaturity and fragility of their skin and mucosa. DESIGN: Observational and longitudinal study. METHODS: The study included 85 newborns admitted to in a neonatal intensive care unit from a public teaching hospital. Data were collected from February-August 2018. For the evaluation, the Neonatal Skin Condition Score was used, as well as an instrument covering sociodemographic and clinical variables, medical devices in use and materials for skin protection. The study followed the recommendations STROBE. Simple frequency, measures of central tendency and variability, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the n = 85 newborns evaluated, n = 62 (72.9%) presented skin or mucosal lesions caused using medical devices, excoriations being the most observed n = 55 (64.7%), and n = 32 (37.6%) had 1-3 lesions. As the number of devices increased, so did the number of lesions. On the other hand, the age of the newborn and the number of lesions were inversely proportional. CONCLUSION: Most participants, n = 62 (72.9%), had skin or mucosal lesions associated with medical devices. The number of medical devices used and the age of the newborn were predictors for this occurrence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results show that it is fundamental that nurses know the factors that can interfere in the skin and mucosa conditions and, thus, promote the implementation of injury prevention measures in newborns, supporting safe and quality care.

Bioimpedance as an indicator in the distribution of interface pressure in vulnerable regions for pressure ulcers: A preliminary study.

AIM: To examine the influence of body mass index, bioimpedance, and skin folds on the distribution of body interface pressure in regions with the potential to develop pressure ulcers in contact with support surfaces. DESIGN: This was a descriptive and analytical study. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteer adults were investigated in April 2017. Body mass index, skin folds, waist circumference, bioimpedance, and interface pressure on bony prominences were investigated. Descriptive statistics and correlations were analysed. RESULTS: Peak pressures in the subscapular region presented moderate and significant correlations with body mass index, waist circumference, total and extracellular body water, fat-free mass, and lean mass per body segment. The peak pressure on the right heel showed a moderate correlation with total and extracellular body water, fat-free mass, and lean mass per segment. CONCLUSION: The need for multicenter research was evident, focusing on bioimpedance assessment as a risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers.

Patient safety atmosphere in a teaching hospital. / Clima de segurança do paciente em um hospital de ensino.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the perception of patient safety atmosphere for health professionals from the safety Attitudes questionnaire and investigate the association between scores and sociodemographic and professionals variables. METHOD: This is a quantitative study conducted with 198 health professionals of a philanthropic hospital in Minas Gerais between March and June 2017. Data were collected using an instrument with sociodemographic and professional variables and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test, Pearson correlation, Anova and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The professionals presented a negative perception regarding the patient's safety amosphere (69,5). The domain Job Satisfaction scored the highest (81.98), while Management Perception did the worst (62.15). Doctors (p= 0.005), men and professionals with higher levels (p<0.001) presented better perception of the safety atmosphere. CONCLUSION: The identification of predictor variables is an important tool for implementing a safety culture, favoring quality of care and reduction of adverse events.

Risk assessment for perioperative pressure injuries.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate and classify patients according to the Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Pressure Injuries; verify the association between sociodemographic and clinical variables and the risk score; and identify the occurrence of pressure injuries due to surgical positioning. METHOD: observational, longitudinal, prospective and quantitative study carried out in a teaching hospital with 278 patients submitted to elective surgeries. A sociodemographic and clinical characterization questionnaire and the Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Pressure Injuries were used. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were applied. RESULTS: the majority of patients (56.5%) presented a high risk for perioperative pressure injury. Female sex, elderly group, and altered body mass index values were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for a higher risk of pressure injuries. In 77% of the patients, there were perioperative pressure injuries. CONCLUSION: most of the participants presented a high risk for development of perioperative decubitus ulcers. The female sex, elderly group, and altered body mass index were significant factors for increased risk. The Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Pressure Injuries allows the early identification of risk of injury, subsidizing the adoption of preventive strategies to ensure the quality of perioperative care.

Caracterização dos casos de óbito acidental de crianças por aspiração de corpos estranhos em Minas Gerais / Characterization of children accidental death cases by aspiration of foreign bodies in Minas Gerais / Caracterización de los casos de muerte accidental infantil por aspiración de cuerpos extraños en Minas Gerais

OBJETIVO: caracterizar os casos de óbitos decorrentes de asfixia acidental por sufocação em crianças. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de dados secundários no qual procedeu-se à análise dos dados dos óbitos de crianças menores de um ano e de um a quatro anos ocorridos no estado de Minas Gerais e notificados no banco de dados do Sistema Único de Saúde, no período de 2005 a 2015. Foram identificados 233 casos de óbitos por asfixia. Entre as vítimas prevaleceram o sexo masculino (131, 56,2%), a raça/cor branca (118, 50,6%), sendo em maior proporção nas crianças menores de um ano (175, 75,1%). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram inalação e ingestão de alimentos, causando obstrução do trato respiratório (155, 66,5%), em menores de um ano e de um a quatro anos. RESULTADOS: foram notificados, em média, 14,6 casos por ano com grande oscilação no período estudado, sendo que no ano de 2002 houve maior número de óbitos (21, 9,0%) e em 2006 apresentou-se o menor número de casos (7, 3%). CONCLUSÃO: destaca-se a importância da implementação de medidas preventivas e educativas, com vistas a reduzir o evento, as lesões e as sequelas decorrentes.(AU)

Objective: to characterize the cases of deaths due to accidental asphyxia by suffocation in children. Method: a descriptive and retrospective study of secondary data of death certificates of children, from 2005 to 2015, including those under one year old and those from one to four years old, in the state of Minas Gerais, that were reported in the Unified Health System database. The study identified 233 cases of death from asphyxia. Among the victims, the male sex (131, 56.2%), white race/skin color (118, 50.6%), and children under one year (175, 75.1%) were the most common. The most frequent diagnoses were inhalation and food intake, causing respiratory obstruction (155, 66.5%) in children under one year and from one to four years old. Results: an average of 14.6 cases per year were reported, with great variation, during the study period. The year 2002 had the highest number of deaths (21, 9.0%) and 2006, the lowest (7, 3%). Conclusion: the importance of the implementation of preventive and educational measures to reduce this occurrences, its injuries and sequelae, is highlighted. (AU)

Objetivo: caracterizar los casos de muerte por asfixia accidental en niños. Método: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de datos secundarios en el que se analizaron datos de la muerte de niños menores de un año y de uno a cuatro años en el estado de Minas Gerais informados en la base de datos del Sistema Únicode Salud de 2005 a 2015. Se identificaron 233 casos de muerte por asfixia. Entre las víctimas había más varones (131; 56,2%), de tez blanca (118; 50,6%), y en una proporción mayor entre los niños menores de un año (175; 75,1%). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron inhalación e ingesta de alimentos, causando obstrucción del tracto respiratorio (155; 66.5%) en niños menores de un año y de uno a cuatro años. Resultados: en promedio, se informaron 14,6 casos por año con gran oscilación durante el período de estudio; en 2002 hubo más cantidad de muertes (21; 9,0%) y en 2006 menos muertes (7; 3%). Conclusión: se realza la importancia de la implementación de medidas preventivas y educativas para reducir los eventos, lesiones y secuelas. (AU)

Relaxation Therapy with Guided Imagery for Postoperative Pain Management: An Integrative Review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the evidence in the literature about relaxation therapy with guided imagery for postoperative pain management. METHOD: Integrative review. DATA SOURCE: PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cinahl, between August 2006 and December 2016. Descriptors: Postoperative Pain, Imagery (Psychotherapy) and Guided Imagery. STUDY SELECTION: original studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese. 291 studies were identified and eight were selected. Descriptive data analysis, presented in detail, with a summary of the knowledge produced in each study. RESULTS: In the primary studies included, the use of guided imagery associated with other complementary therapies was highlighted: hand and foot "M" technique, education on postoperative pain management with analgesic drugs, relaxation exercises, respiration exercises, meditation, soothing biorhythmic music combined with positive and encouraging assertions and music with nature sounds. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge synthesis resulting from this study indicates that evidence could be identified on the use of guided imagery associated with relaxation therapy as a complementary approach to drug analgesia in postoperative pain control strengthens its indication for nursing practice. This evidence, however, demonstrates that the quality of the use of this therapy is limited, and it is necessary to carry out new randomized clinical studies to fill the existing gaps in this topic.

Risk assessment for perioperative pressure injuries / Classificação de risco de desenvolvimento de lesões decorrentes do posicionamento cirúrgico / Clasificación de riesgo de desarrollo de lesiones derivadas del posicionamiento quirúrgico

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate and classify patients according to the Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Pressure Injuries; verify the association between sociodemographic and clinical variables and the risk score; and identify the occurrence of pressure injuries due to surgical positioning. Method: observational, longitudinal, prospective and quantitative study carried out in a teaching hospital with 278 patients submitted to elective surgeries. A sociodemographic and clinical characterization questionnaire and the Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Pressure Injuries were used. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were applied. Results: the majority of patients (56.5%) presented a high risk for perioperative pressure injury. Female sex, elderly group, and altered body mass index values were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for a higher risk of pressure injuries. In 77% of the patients, there were perioperative pressure injuries. Conclusion: most of the participants presented a high risk for development of perioperative decubitus ulcers. The female sex, elderly group, and altered body mass index were significant factors for increased risk. The Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Pressure Injuries allows the early identification of risk of injury, subsidizing the adoption of preventive strategies to ensure the quality of perioperative care.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar e classificar pacientes segundo a Escala de Avaliação de Risco para Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico; verificar se há associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e escore de risco; e identificar a ocorrência de lesões por pressão, decorrentes do posicionamento cirúrgico. Método: estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo e quantitativo, realizado em hospital de ensino, com 278 pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas. Utilizaram-se questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica e Escala de Avaliação de Risco para Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico. Empregaram-se análises descritiva, bivariada e de regressão logística. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes (56,5%) apresentou alto risco para lesão perioperatória por posicionamento. Sexo feminino, idoso e valores de índice de massa corporal alterados foram estatisticamente significativos (p<0,05) para maior risco de ocorrência dessas lesões. Em 77% dos pacientes houve lesões por posicionamento. Conclusão: a maioria dos participantes apresentou alto risco para desenvolvimento de lesão perioperatória por posicionamento. Sexo feminino, idoso e índice de massa corporal alterado foram fatores significativos para aumento do risco. A Escala de Avaliação de Risco para Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico possibilita identificar risco de lesão precocemente, subsidiando a adoção de estratégias preventivas para assegurar a qualidade do cuidado perioperatório.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar y clasificar pacientes según la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo para el Desarrollo de Lesiones Derivadas por Posicionamiento Quirúrgico, verificar si hay asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y escore de riesgo e identificar si existen lesiones por presión, derivadas del posicionamiento quirúrgico. Método: estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo y cuantitativo, realizado en hospital de enseñanza, con 278 pacientes sometidos a cirugías electivas. Se utilizó un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica y Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo para el Desarrollo de Lesiones Derivadas por Posicionamiento Quirúrgico. Empleamos análisis descriptivos, bivariados y de regresión logística. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes (56,5%) presentó alto riesgo para lesión peri operatoria por posicionamiento. El sexo femenino, ancianos y valores de índice de masa corporal alterados fueron estadísticamente significativos (p <0,05) para mayor riesgo de existencia de esas lesiones. En el 77% de los pacientes hubo lesiones por posicionamiento. Conclusión: la mayoría de los participantes presentó alto riesgo de desarrollo de lesión peri operatoria por posicionamiento. El sexo femenino, ancianos e índice de masa corporal alterado fueron factores significativos para el aumento del riesgo. La Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo para el Desarrollo de Lesiones Derivadas del Posicionamiento Quirúrgico posibilita identificar precozmente el riesgo de lesión, subsidiando la adopción de estrategias preventivas para asegurar la calidad del periodo perioperatorio.

Clima de segurança do paciente em um hospital de ensino / Clima de seguridad del paciente en un hospital de enseñanza / Patient safety atmosphere in a teaching hospital

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar a percepção do clima de segurança do paciente pelos profissionais de saúde a partir do Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança e investigar a associação entre os escores e variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. MÉTODO Estudo quantitativo realizado com 198 profissionais de saúde de hospital filantrópico de Minas Gerais, entre março e junho de 2017. Utilizou-se instrumento com variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais e Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança. Realizou-se análise estatística com teste t de Student, correlação de Pearson, Anova e regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS Profissionais apresentaram percepção negativa quanto ao clima de segurança do paciente (69,5). Domínio Satisfação no Trabalho obteve maior pontuação (81,98), enquanto Percepção da gerência a pior (62,15). Médicos (p=0,005), homens e profissionais de nível superior (p<0,001) apresentaram melhor percepção de segurança. CONCLUSÃO Identificação de variáveis preditoras é importante ferramenta para implementação de uma cultura de segurança, favorecendo qualidade da assistência e redução de eventos adversos.

Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar la percepción del clima de seguridad del paciente para profesionales de la salud del cuestionario de actitudes de seguridad e investigar la asociación entre los escores de seguridad y las variables sociodemográficas y profesionales. MÉTODO Estudio cuantitativo realizado con 198 profesionales de salud de un hospital filantrópico de Minas Gerais, entre marzo y junio de 2017. Se utilizó un instrumento con variables sociodemográficas y profesionales y Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Análisis estadístico se realizó con los tests t de Student, correlación de Pearson, Anova y regresión lineal múltiple. RESULTADOS Los profesionales presentaron una percepción negativa en cuanto al clima de seguridad del paciente (69,5). El dominio de satisfacción en el trabajo obtuvo mayor puntuación (81,98), mientras que la percepción de la gerencia peor (62,15). Médicos (p = 0,005), hombres y profesionales de nivel superior (p <0,001) presentaron mejor percepción de seguridad. CONCLUSIÓN La identificación de variables predictoras es una importante herramienta para la implementación de una cultura de seguridad, favoreciendo calidad de la asistencia y reducción de eventos adversos.

Abstract OBJECTIVE Evaluate the perception of patient safety atmosphere for health professionals from the safety Attitudes questionnaire and investigate the association between scores and sociodemographic and professionals variables. METHOD This is a quantitative study conducted with 198 health professionals of a philanthropic hospital in Minas Gerais between March and June 2017. Data were collected using an instrument with sociodemographic and professional variables and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test, Pearson correlation, Anova and multiple linear regression. RESULTS The professionals presented a negative perception regarding the patient's safety amosphere (69,5). The domain Job Satisfaction scored the highest (81.98), while Management Perception did the worst (62.15). Doctors (p= 0.005), men and professionals with higher levels (p<0.001) presented better perception of the safety atmosphere. CONCLUSION The identification of predictor variables is an important tool for implementing a safety culture, favoring quality of care and reduction of adverse events.

Composição corporal e ocorrência de lesão por pressão: revisão integrativa / Composición corporal y ocurrencia de lesión por presión: revisión integradora / Body composition and pressure ulcer occurrence: an integrative review

Objetivo analisar a relação entre a composição corporal com a distribuição de pressão de interface sob proeminências ósseas e a ocorrência de lesão por pressão. Método revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, Lilacs, Embase®, Scopus e Web of Science, publicados entre 1990 e julho de 2018. Resultados foram selecionados nove estudos e classificados em duas categorias temáticas. A primeira categoria abordou a relação da lesão por pressão com classificação nutricional e a segunda a relação da composição corporal com a pressão de interface. O risco de lesão por pressão esteve relacionado à diminuição da massa magra, da quantidade de água corporal e ao índice de massa corporal extremo; além de maior incidência em idosos institucionalizados com redução de massa gorda. Conclusão houve relação da composição corporal com a ocorrência de lesão por pressão, apresentando divergências entre adultos e idosos.

Objetivo analizar la relación entre la composición corporal con la distribución de presión de interface debajo de prominencias óseas y la ocurrencia de lesión por presión. Método revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, Lilacs, Embase®, Scopus e Web of Science, publicados entre 1990 y julio de 2018. Resultados se seleccionaron nueve estudios y se clasificaron en dos categorías temáticas. La primera categoría abordó la relación de la lesión por presión con clasificación nutricional y la segunda, la relación de la composición corporal con la presión de interface. El riesgo de lesión por presión estuvo relacionado a la disminución de la masa magra, de la cantidad de agua corporal y al índice de masa corporal extremo; además de mayor incidencia en ancianos institucionalizados con reducción de masa grasa. Conclusión hubo relación de la composición corporal con la ocurrencia de lesión por presión, presentando divergencias entre adultos y ancianos.

Objective to analyze the relationship between body composition and interface pressure distribution under bony prominences and the occurrence of pressure injury. Method this is an integrative literature review conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, Lilacs, Embase®, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, published between 1990 and July 2018. Results nine studies were selected and classified into two thematic categories. The first category addressed the relationship of pressure injury with nutritional classification and the second the relationship of body composition with interface pressure. The risk of pressure injury was related to the decrease in lean body mass, body water content and extreme body mass index; besides higher incidence in institutionalized elderly with fat mass reduction. Conclusion there was a relationship between body composition and the occurrence of pressure injury, showing differences between adults and the elderly.

Guided imagery relaxation therapy on preoperative anxiety: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of relaxation therapy with guided imagery on state anxiety and cortisol in the immediate preoperative period in patients submitted to bariatric surgery by videolaparoscopy. METHOD: a randomized, triple-blind clinical trial in a large teaching hospital in the interior of Minas Gerais. Twenty-four patients who would undergo video-laparoscopic bariatric surgery were randomly allocated in two groups, namely 12 in the control group and 12 in the experimental group. State anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and blood cortisol levels were measured before and after the intervention or standard care. Descriptive analyzes were used for the quantitative variables and Student's t-test for independent samples, in the analysis of the differences between the state anxiety scores and cortisol levels. RESULTS: the experimental group presented a statistically significant reduction of the state anxiety scores (p = 0.005) as well as of cortisol levels (p <0.001) after the intervention. CONCLUSION: guided imagery relaxation therapy is an effective nursing intervention for the reduction of state anxiety and blood cortisol levels in the preoperative period in patients undergoing video-laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5qywrf.

Influence of socio-demographic, clinical and surgical variables on the Aldrete-Kroulik Scoring System.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of the variables sex, age, type of anesthesia, occurrence of intraoperative complications, pain and surgical complexity on the Aldrete-Kroulik Scoring System in patients in the immediate postoperative period, in the post-anesthesia care unit. METHOD: Non-experimental, longitudinal study, with a quantitative approach, conducted with 241 surgical patients. Descriptive analysis, Student's t-test, Pearson and Spearman Correlation Indexes and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Correlations between the Aldrete-Kroulik Scoring System and pain (r=-0.13; p=0.05) and surgical complexity (r=-0.12; p=0.05) were statistically significant. The type of anesthesia and pain (p<0.01) influenced the decrease of the Aldrete-Kroulik System's scores. CONCLUSION: Considering the vulnerability of patients in the immediate postoperative period, it is essential for the nurse to know the factors that can influence the Aldrete-Kroulik Scoring System to provide a safe and optimal post-anesthesia recovery.